Officially, Venezuela has 300 billion barrels of oil reserves – yet in 2023, it exported just 211.6 million barrels of oil, worth about $4bn. Compare that to second-placed Saudi Arabia, which has 267 billion barrels of reserves, but had exports worth $181bn in the same time period.
Anthony Lewis,Local Democracy Reporting Service
，这一点在同城约会中也有详细论述
Nature, Published online: 25 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10169-4
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